Victorian Society And Its Harsh Treatment Of The Upper Class

Through Oliver Twist, Charles Dickens criticises Victorian society and its extremely harsh treatment of the lower class. It went out of its way to create any possible divide between the two social classes, middle and lower classes, to suppress and even eliminate the poor. It was not done in a way that would improve living conditions of the lower class but in the way that would physically and morally destroy the people that belonged to it. This mental divide created two very distinct spaces in London’s society which strived to contain lower class in one controlled space and denounce the ability to improve their lives and possibly move up the social ladder. Whelan Lara Baker, a college professor who specializes in Victorian Era society, writes in her article that rise of Victorian suburb was an important event in middle-class society that was created with two controversial desires: to eliminate any relationship or contact with the urban lower-class and at the same time maintain a compulsory contact with the financial aspect of the urban London.(Baker) Members of the lower class, on the other hand, were contained in the city and started their lives in the workhouses, institutions that the Victorian middle class, with the help of the Parliament, established to raise poor children. According to a historian Dr. Ruth Richardson, in 1834 the Parliament passed The Poor Law Act. The aim of the law was to create a system that would provide refuge, food and clothing as a payment forShow MoreRelatedCharlotte Bronte: The Social Critic1732 Words   |  7 Pageshad a similar effect upon the mindset of Victorian society, as its publication ended the silence on social justice and set off an ‘eruption’, leading to sweeping reforms. The novel revolves around the moral and spiritual journey of Jane Eyre, an orphan who values freedom and struggles to break free of Victorian-era standards. Brontà « satirizes these standards through her portrayal of the lower classes, mental illness, and orphans. Jane is critical of Victorian England society’s devaluation of peopleRead MoreTheme Of Oppression In Jane Eyre1088 Words   |  5 Pagesand class division as a means of maintaining a certain degree of order within their society. In the early nineteenth century, England was undergoing rapid change as the industrial revolution began to sweep through the country. With this rapid change brought on further gender, and social class divisions centered upon education, employment, and marriage. Both women, and the lower class were heavily oppressed during the time period, as they were deemed inferior to the more wealthy, upper class membersRead MoreCharlotte Bronte ´s Jane Eyre: A Victorian Criticism737 Words   |  3 PagesThe Victorian Era, lasting from 1832 until 1901, was a period of British history during the reign of Queen Victoria. This era contained the industrial revolution, which aided in the creation of a large middle class. It is well known for its many injustices, suc h as its rigid social class structure, mistreatment of the poor, and strict gender roles. Victorian authors, such as Charles Dickens, Matthew Arnold, George Elliot, and the Bronte sisters criticized these injustices in their works. CharlotteRead MoreThe Upbringing Of Orphans By Charles Dickens And Jane Eyre1714 Words   |  7 PagesThe 19th century Victorian era contrasted of different social classes; the wealthy, the working and the poor classes, which led to the forms of social order in society. It also encompassed some of the most famous literary works that till today impact the lives of many, and leads readers to wonder about the injustices of the conditions of the orphans. The novels Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens 1838 and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte 1847 depicted much of the 19th century working class and illustratedRead MoreInequality And Consumption On Pygmalion And Goblin Market1637 Words   |  7 PagesMarket Literary works, in Victorian England, became a tool in expanding the way people thought and behaved, outside of societal bounds. Authors who wrote about these works had recurring themes focused on the inequality of females in their respective roles. George Shaw and Christina Rossetti are pivotal writers who provide awareness of gender roles and how they function within society. Their stories explore the morality and economic exchange playing different roles in class systems. With this notionRead MoreOpium and the Industrial Revolution Essay1474 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironment for a new social class to emerge from urban squalor. During the Industrial Revolution a group of citizens who breathed polluted air, drank toxic water, worked fourteen-hour days in dimly lit factories and lived in close quarters. This group is known as the working class. In Karl Marx’s Manifesto of the Communist Party he predicted that the development of Modern Industry cuts from under its feet the very foundation on which the bourgeoisie (the upper class) produces and appropriates productsRead MoreEssay on The Portrayal of the Under Classes in Oliver Twist1171 Words   |  5 Pagesmaster criminal he is not, maybe he is just a poor Jew, dependant on poor children. Although Fagin is not an upper-class citizen, he is neither poor. The success of his business does pay off he sat down; and took from it a magnificent gold watch, sparkling with jewels. As a result Fagin is able to live life pretty much as he wants to. Although Fagin is a higher class than the children, including Oliver, he doesnt abuse his power for the sakes of it. The workhouse masterRead MoreThe Social Hierarchy Of Jane Eyre By Charlotte Bronte1262 Words   |  6 Pagesthan use the normal class structures, the book suggests that a person of impoverished means can be viewed as socially respectable with the condition that they maintain a sincere desire to better both oneself and their means of living. The novel highlights the significance of class consciousness and how one particular class can become subjective to the hands of the dogmatic elites. The derogative attitudes regarding social class first occurs when Jane suffers horrible treatment from John Reed. HeRead MoreSocial Injustices Portrayed Through Characterization And Imagery2515 Words   |  11 PagesImagery The Industrial Revolution of the Victorian Era was a time of development and underdevelopment. While the technology was improving, the social class structure and treatment of the underprivileged were not improving. Social injustices of the time were often overlooked, but there are many Victorian writers that wrote social commentaries regarding to these issues and Charles Dickens is one of them. Dickens sympathizes with the underprivileged of the society because he had experienced the injusticeRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of The Victorian Era2569 Words   |  11 Pages The Industrial Revolution of the Victorian Era was a time of development and underdevelopment. While the technology was improving, the social class structure and treatment of the underprivileged stayed the same. Social injustices at the time were often overlooked, but there were many Victorian writers, including Charles Dickens that wrote social commentaries regarding to these issues. Dickens sympathizes with so ciety’s underprivileged because he had experienced similar injustices as a child. His

Ford Motor Free Essays

Ford Motor Company [pic] Morten Anders Rosenkrands LUC 2004 Table of contents 1. Introduction2 2. What is the history of the Ford Motor Company till today? 3 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Ford Motor or any similar topic only for you Order Now Why is the Ford losing market shares in Denmark? 4 4. What can ford do to counter act this? 5 5. What are the Ford Motor Companies plans for the future? 5 6. Conclusion6 7. Literature list7 1. Introduction In the last 100 years The Ford Motor Company has been a leading contributor to the motor industry because of its dedication to create and design cars for the future. Today Ford is losing out on some of the markets in Europe and I would like to find out why? In the following text I would like to analyze what is the history of the Ford motor Company today? Because I think it is important to look back in time to good understand how it all came to be. I would also like to analyze why is Ford losing market shares in Denmark? And further more what can Ford do to counteract this? To end it all of I am going to write about what are the Ford Motor Companies plans for the future? This should cover the question why the Ford motor Company is losing out on some of the Markets in Europe. In the text in have limited down to why is Ford losing market shares in Denmark? Because if I had taken the Ford Motor Company it would have included other motor companies like Volvo, Mazda, Lincon, Mercury, Land Rover, Jaguar and Aston Martin, and that would have been to extensive. 2. What is the history of the Ford Motor Company till today? It all started in a tiny wagon shop in Detroit staffed with about 10 people. This was the place where the second largest motor company in the world had it’s beginning. The first car the company ever made was sold to a Detroit physician. He purchased a model A Ford just one month after the company had begun. But due to failure of the model A the company was in trouble and something had to be done so the company lunched the model T which immediately became one of Ford biggest success. After 20 years of production the model T was taken off the production line. At the time Ford had sold more than a million model T’s. In 1919 Henry Ford and the companies stockholders got in a fight and they demanded that Henry Ford was taken of the post as president of the company. Henry Ford had no choice and then had to leave his company but the blood stayed in the company because Henry Ford’s son Edsel Ford took over the company. Henry Ford was not company president any more but still played a vital role in Ford because he was now head chairman. People at the time where looking for something more stylish and the model T was not it. So after the production had stooped the company went back and began production of the first model A again because it was a more stylish car but before production started it had under gone a vast improvement. In the next 4 years 4,5 million model A’s rolled of the assembly line. Ford buys Lincon. In the 1930s people began to demand more from their cars. They wanted luxury and power and that was exactly what Ford gave them with the Mercury, which was a whole new concept for Ford. Ford had now succeeded in becoming a company that made cars for the middle class. Before that Ford was more for the lower classes of society because of the price. Ford had in the previous years been so cheap that standards had fallen. 1945 Henrys son Edsel Ford, Fords president at the time, dies because of a car accident and Henry Ford now has to go back in the seat as Ford Motor Company’s president but at that time Henry is old and worn out so after 2 years as president Henry’s grand son Henry Ford II becomes president of the company. 2 years later Henry Ford dies as and old man at the age of 83. Edsel Ford remained president until 1960 where he stepped back and became executive officer until 1980. Edsel Ford dies in 1997. 1979 Ford buys Mazda 1987 Ford buys Aston Martin 1990 Ford buys Jaguar 1999 Ford buys Volvo Today another Ford is at the steering wheel of Ford. William Clay Ford junior is the present president and CEO of the company. 3. Why is the Ford losing market shares in Denmark? In the last couple of years there has been a tendency that people more often want cars which are more gas economic and are cheaper. Ford is today neither. Ford sold in 2002 Jan-Sept 7045 cars to the Danish market. The year after it only sold Jan-Sept 5227[1] cars. One of Ford main problems today is that is does not have a very good image. People see Ford as a middle class car with low class components and not very good mileage to the liter. One of Fords other problems is that Ford has never gotten very good grades in ncap[2] tests. This also adds to Fords not so good image. 4. What can ford do to counter act this? Strengths |Weaknesses | |Good production facilities, strong leadership, good image in USA, good |Image, quality of their cars, expensive for what you get in terms of | |sales in USA, owns several other car companies in the world, well known |quality, | |brand, | | |Opportunities |Threats | |WAT in Denmark falls, other car manufactures drop the Danish market, |Prize of oil rises, WAT rises in Denmark, more car manufactures come in | | |to the Danish market, a serious fault is found on Fords cars, | Fr om the SWAT analysis it is easy to see what Ford needs to do if they want to change their image and sell some more cars. In the future Ford should also try to make their cars a bit cheaper so that the quality of the car and the prize are match up. If Ford wants to change their image they should try to have a better-aimed marketing strategy because today Fords marketing strategy is aimed at a very large group of people. This is not the most effective way to sell cars they should instead try to focus on more specific groups of people. The problem for the Danish market is just that people in Denmark are very affected by the gas prizes this is why a lot of fuel economic cars are bought today. So if Ford would like to sell more cars they should try to make their cars more gas economic. This I think combined with good marketing scheme could be a very effective way to sell more cars in Denmark. On the other hand Ford could make their cars more luxuries but that would not be plausible on the Danish market. 5. What are the Ford Motor Companies plans for the future? Ford Motor Company has in the latest years intensified their research in renewable fuels. What they have come up with is that cars in the future could be driving on hydrogen. The good thing about hydrogen engine is that the only exhaust it makes is water. So there would be no problems with the toxic foams cars make today. The down side about the hydrogen engine is that the speed of it is still limited. Ford does not at this time have a plan for when they are going to start producing the hydrogen car but they expect it to be on the streets within 10 years. At the time Ford is desperately trying to change their slumping image by re-lunching several of their old classic cars. In the last to years Ford has re-lunched 3 of their old classics the Ford Mustang, the Ford Thunderbird and the Ford GT40. By re-lunching these models Ford is trying to relive some of the golden years they had in the 1950s and 1960s. On the American market the cars have been a limited success. Although the thunderbird was named car of the year in 2003 the market is at this time getting a little tired of the car and sales have almost stopped completely. [pic] The problem for Ford in Denmark is just that none of these new re-lunched cars are ever going to be sold on the Danish market. The reason why Ford is not going to sell these cars in Denmark is because the Danish market would never buy that kind of fuel guzzling cars. This is what I think today is one of Ford biggest problems because Ford in reality has to design to different cars one for the American market and one for the rest of the world. Almost no other car manufacturer does this they only lunch one model for the entire world. By only lunching one model they can save some money on marketing because some adds can be used on the European markets as well as on the American markets. 6. Conclusion From the text it is easy to see that Ford is a great company with a lot of history and traditions. But today history and traditions do not sell cars people have in the latest years seen an increase in oil prizes that have changed the way they look at cars today. From thinking more about quality and strength people have a tendency to want cars that are cheaper and drive longer on the fuel. This has made it difficult for Ford to compete with the some of the Chinese car manufactures witch have a long line of tradition in making cheap and fuel economic cars. One of the things Ford then could do is to make more fuel economic cars or change their strategy and make cheaper cars so that their current prize and the cars quality match. This is why Ford in the future has plans for hydrogen cars. Ford is also at the moment trying to change their image by re-lunching so of the companies most popular cars from the 1950s and 1960s. 7. Literature list Homepages: www. ford. com www. motormagasinet. dk ———————– [1] Sales numbers from www. transportmagasinet. dk/statestikcenter/bilsalgstal-sept-2003. pdf [2] ncap is a European car test agency where they test cars in crash tests. How to cite Ford Motor, Essay examples

Quality and Accountability in Healthcare Delivery

Question: Discuss about the Quality and Accountability in Healthcare Delivery. Answer: Introduction Back in 1980s, the majority of care to patients was provided by registered nurses (RNs) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs) with supportive assistance being provided by unregulated care providers (UCPs) such as porters and orderlies. (Haugen, Musser, 2012). The term unregulated care providers are used to define health care workers who are neither licensed nor regulated by any professional, regulatory or governmental body. (Hamilton, 2013) They may assist in providing care to clients in various hospital settings such as acute care, comprehensive rehabilitative, and community care. Here in Canada, some changes in the health care system have led to the emergence of new models of delivery of care. (Clarke, 2012) UCPs work has shifted from that of support models to that of assistive roles with a primary focus on patient care. This increased reliance on UCPs in health care areas is related to greater need to control costs in health, shortage in staff and the dynamic changes in the delive ry of health care in the aging population. An expanding body of research recommends that the collaborative framework within the health providers will assist in managing increased workloads, reducing waiting times and improving health outcomes for clients. However, most research has concentrated on the relationship among the health specialists with increased questions as to the effectiveness of UCPs within a team-based care approaches in health activities. This questions include, what may be the implications of units made up of both UCPs and regulated health providers? What strategies optimize and maintain the roles of both licensed and unregulated care providers? Are there concerns that commonly put across both disciples, jurisdictions, and settings? (Clarke, 2012) Due to the rapid increase in aging of the worlds population, UCPs are emerging to be an important health care workforce in the care of older adults. There exist similarities in the ways nurses work here in Brazil and that of Canada concerning UCPs. Developed and developing nations are facing numerous challenges due to the increased aging health care workforce and population. Therefore, the increasing age of population and shortage of health providers has led to increasing demand for UCPs to provide care in both our countries. The major similarities are that both countries are ethnically diverse and large, consist of democratic governance, a multi-dynamic culture and a stable economy. They also consist of a universal system of health that meets the needs of their entire population. Regarding differences, Canada is developed and underpopulated while Brazil is populous and a middle-income country. (Veras et al., 2016) Nurses have to understand the health care system of both their country of origin and that of Canada for effective planning and delivery of health care in these two countries. The cost of health services is growing fast, and also there is increased attention to the impact of the growing and aging population. The health care system in Canada is based on the five principles of the health act which include; comprehensiveness, portability, and universality of the system. Other factors are the accessibility of health services and public administration. (McIntosh, Forest, Marchildon, 2014) On the other hand, the Brazilian health system is divided into sectors that include; private, public and unified public health system that are mainly financed by private funds. (Veras et al., 2016) Nurses understanding of these differences and similarities is vital as it enhances their knowledge on such shifts in their day to day care of patients both in the home and community settings. It is in the nurse's approach in the work environment to ensure that the various models support and sustain their roles and enhance safe client care. These models facilitate the enactment of legislation of nurse to patient ratios along with regulation of UCPs. The evolvement of nursing practice between ones country of origin to Canada should be based on issues that are identified in the description and roles of unregulated health workers (UHWs). These issues include; lack of statistics on UCPs, inconsistent titles of UHWs, insufficient education/training and lack of employer standardization in regulation. (Storch, 2013) Therefore, as members of a regulated profession, nurses within a specified country need to understand their roles and responsibilities and be held accountable when working with UHWs. This is particularly when in close involvement of delegating nursing tasks and procedures. This evolving approach is justifiable by the fact that UHWs do not possess certain characteristics, unlike licensed or registered professionals. UCPs lack attributes such as; a legislated scope of practice, set of professional standards for practice, titles, a mandatory requirement of equipment and a professional conduct review process. These attributes are intended to ensure the public receives the highest standard of individualized care which includes safe, competent and ethical care for the clients. (Storch, 2013) UCPs may be taught through either the instructional or vocational training to function in the assisting role or may possess no formal training and learn on the job. Nurses should be familiar with various regulatory approaches concerning the standards of nursing practice of the nursing profession in their country and that which they are working currently. This knowledge helps them address concerns in nursing practice and clarify accountability of UHWs and other strategies such as clarifying the responsibility of the employer and standardizing curriculum. Positive implications have been identified in the health care system about the evolving work approaches among UCPs and regulated health providers. First, there is an evident increase in the role of UHCWs in the care of the clients in the health population. This care is evidenced by their scope of practice which includes; health promotion, light keeping and individualized care, integrated care, mental health and physical rehabilitation. Collaborative care is enhanced by the active participation of the various disciplines in the provision of patient and client care. There is an increase in effective communication as an implication in the various approaches by the nurse when working with UCPs. This approaches such as the awareness of other members communication style and thought processes are essential in the development of a collaborative relationship among health care workers. (Kortes-Miller, Jones-Bonofiglio, Hendrickson, Kelley, 2015) A team approach should aim in maximizing the skills of all the involved members and deter a repetition of service delivery thus enhancing the productivity of the health workforce. The various health approaches have therefore lead to increased cooperation and coordination among the care providers. Lastly, there is increased responsibility and accountability for the health professionals. Defined guidelines and protocols help reduce uncertainties and outline a supportive structure which is specific to the various health settings. The roles of UHWs must be well known by the regulated professionals for effective and safe care. This will ensure concern of the licensed and regulated health providers concerning their accountability and responsibility in such cases as the delegation of tasks or procedures to the UCPs. Various regulatory bodies have developed tools and protocols that provide guidance on the roles and scope of UHWs. A good example of such a protocol is the practical guideline o n the utilization of unregulated care providers which is provided by the College of Nurses of Ontario. (Das, 2015) Conclusion The inter-relationships of various factors are specific to determine where a certain clinical responsibility falls for a specific category of a health care provider. A quality client outcome is outlined by the ability to assign, supervise and delegate appropriately and also by realizing when and how to follow up patients. RNs and LPNs should, therefore, be aware of their roles, responsibilities and related accountability when dealing with unregulated workers. Following the key issues outlined in this essay, it is true to say that, registered and UCPs should work together to advance the health for all individuals for positive health outcomes. Today, UCPs work in various settings that include traditional and modern health care surroundings with a wide variety of clients. Nurses are also obliged to work together to improve practice and policy settings for the creation of professional environments for collaborative client-centered care. References Clarke, J. (2012). Health, illness, and medicine in Canada. Don Mills, Ont.: Oxford University Press. Das, J. (2015). Quality and accountability in healthcare delivery (1st ed.). [Washington, D.C.]: World Bank. Hamilton, H. (2013). Unregulated care workers the thin edge of the wedge. Collegian, 4(2), 3. doi.org/10.1016/s1322-7696(08)60213-9 Haugen, D., Musser, S. (2012). Health care (1st ed.). Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press. Janes, N., Sidani, S., Cott, C., Rappolt, S. (2014). Figuring it Out in the Moment: A Theory of Unregulated Care Providers' Knowledge Utilization in Dementia Care Settings. Worldviews On Evidence-Based Nursing, 5(1), 13-24.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6787.2008.00114.x Kortes-Miller, K., Jones-Bonofiglio, K., Hendrickson, S., Kelley, M. (2015). Dying With Carolyn: Using Simulation to Improve Communication Skills of Unregulated Care Providers Working in Long-Term Care. Journal Of Applied Gerontology, 35(12), 1259-1278.doi.org/10.1177/0733464815577139 McIntosh, T., Forest, P., Marchildon, G. (2014). Changing health care in Canada (1st ed.). Toronto [Ont.]: University of Toronto Press. McIntosh, T., Forest, P., Marchildon, G. (2014). The governance of health care in Canada (1st ed.). Toronto [Ont.]: University of Toronto Press. Storch, J. (2013). Casualization of nurses and unregulated workers impair ethical practice. International Nursing Review, 45(5), 140-141.doi.org/10.1046/j.1466-7657.45.no.5issue341.4.x Veras, M., Paquet, N., Oliveira, E., Zakus, D., Deonandan, R., Pottie, K. (2016). Unregulated health care workers in the care of aging populations: Similarities and differences between Brazil and Canada. Family Medicine And Community Health, 4(1), 3-14. doi.org/10.15212/fmch.2015.0113

Ethics and Deception in Psychological Research Essay Example

Ethics and Deception in Psychological Research Paper When conducting research studies many code of ethics come into play. A researcher has an obligation to follow the code of ethics. Many ethical standards must be followed when dealing with research. When conducting research as well as gathering data there are several ways to do so. Depending on whom you ask some ways are considered ethical and appropriate and some are unethical and inappropriate. Using deception to obtain information is a debatable issue on whether it is ethical or unethical by obtaining data in such a manner. The following paper will define what ethics is along with, discussing the concept of risk/benefit ratio, describing exactly what deception in research is, as well as evaluating the impact deception in research has on psychological research. Deception occurs whenever participants are not completely informed of procedures and goals of the research. According to Wikipedia, ethics is a branch of philosophy which seeks to address questions about mortality, how moral values should be determined, how a moral outcome can be achieved in a specific situation, how moral capacity or a moral agency develops and what its nature is, and what moral values people actually abide by (Wikipedia). Ethics deals greatly with morals. What is considered to be morally wrong depends on the individual you are speaking with. Morals describe how individuals should act and the principles that reflect what is good for individuals. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and Deception in Psychological Research specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and Deception in Psychological Research specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics and Deception in Psychological Research specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another factor that is used to determine ethical standards is the risk/benefit ratio. The risk/benefit ratio is a subjective evaluation of the risk to a research participant relative to the benefit both individual and the society of the results of the proposed research. (Shaghnessy, Zechmeister, Zechmeister, 2009) The Institutional Review Boards (IRB) reviews all psychological research in order to protect the rights and welfare of the individuals participating in the research studies (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, Zechmeister, 2009). In order for research to be approved benefits must outweigh the risks. The IRB will not approve research where the risks outweigh the benefits. There are several potential risks that one may run across in psychological research and these risks need to be observed to find out whether or not it will harm the participants of the study. Each individual will not be the same, what may be a risk for one participant may not be a risk for the other participants. The types of injuries may vary from those that are physical, social, or mental (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, Zechmeister, 2009). No matter how small a risk may be, researchers should try to minimize the risks and protect each individual. When there happens to be a potential risk, researchers need to use informed consent procedures for all participants involved (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, Zechmeister, 2009). Informed consent is a legal condition whereby a person can be said to have given consent based upon a clear appreciation and understanding of the facts, implications and future consequences of an action. In order to give informed consent, the individual concerned must have adequate reasoning faculties and be in possession of all relevant facts at the time consent is given. Impairments to reasoning and judgment which would make it impossible for someone to give informed consent include such factors as severe mental retardation, severe mental illness, intoxication, severe sleep deprivation, Alzheimers disease, or being in a coma. (http://psychology. wikia. com/wiki/Informed_consent). Researchers are ethically obligated to describe the research procedures clearly, identify any potential risks that might influence individuals willingness to participate, and answer any questions participants have regarding the research (Shaughnessy, Zechmeister, Zechmeister, 2009). There are several ways to gather data and information on a research or study. One way is to use deception or misrepresent oneself in research. In a classic study known as the Miligram Obedience Study of 1961, Stanley Miligram recruited 40men using a newspaper ad. In exchange for their participation, each person was paid $4. 50. Milgram developed an intimidating shock generator, with shock levels starting at 30 volts and increasing in 15-volt increments all the way up to 450 volts. The many switches were labeled with terms including slight shock, moderate shock and danger: severe shock. The final two switches were labeled simply with an ominous XXX. Each participant took the role of a teacher who would then deliver a shock to the student every time an incorrect answer was produced. While the participant believed that he was delivering real shocks to the student, the student was actually a confederate in the experiment who was simply pretending to be shocked. As the experiment progressed, the participant would hear the learner plead to be released or even complain about a heart condition. Once the 300-volt level had been reached, the learner banged on the wall and demanded to be released. Beyond this point, the learner became completely silent and refused to answer any more questions. The experimenter then instructed the participant to treat this silence as an incorrect response and deliver a further shock. ( http:// psychology. about. com/od/history of psychology/a/milligram. htm). Miligram wouldnt have come to the conclusions he did if he didnt misrepresent himself to the participants. If Miligram told the 40 men what he was doing the participants probably would not have cooperated with him. Deception and misrepresenting oneself for psychological research is very controversial and has a huge impact on research today. Deception has caused a great deal of harm to subjects all around the world, due to this informed consent has been put into place. The subjects are not aware of the real reasons of the study due to misrepresentation. When its all said and done, ethics is a big issue in conducting studies and research. Researchers are held accountable while conducting these studies and the have an obligation to follow the code of ethics during them. I personally feel that any type of deception should be labeled as unethical and should not be used. Furthermore, there are individuals that feel it is okay to use deception as long as it doesnt cause any harm to the individuals. Ethics is a large part of conducting research and every researcher needs to conduct himself in an ethical manner.

Advertising in Abercrombie Fitch

Advertising in Abercrombie Fitch Overview: Ad Description Appendix 1 shows a grey, white and black advert comprising of a plus-sized woman lying down on her right side. Her right arm is resting on the ground and folded to support her head. The woman has tilted her head to make her seem like she is looking forward and diagonally.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising in Abercrombie Fitch specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More She has also let her short hair free to fall on her back. In terms of dressing, she has a grey T-shirt with the ‘Abercrombie Fitch’ text on her bust area and black fitting shorts, which reveal her thighs. In addition, she has body art on her right arm, upper left arm and just above her knees. The white text, â€Å"Attractive Fat† is placed just above the woman with the letter â€Å"F† partially hidden by the woman’s thighs. Although this is a denotative meaning of the advert, advertisements a re built around semiotics to help persuade consumers’ to purchase products while using the societal culture as leverage. Therefore, they have connotative meaning. With this in mind, this paper critically deconstructs the advert to reveal its connotative meaning. Obvious Message The obvious message or intent of the advert is trying to persuade plus-sized women in the western, liberal world into believing that Abercrombie Fitch brand of clothing is suitable for plus-sized women because the company’s clothes makes them feel attractive. The â€Å"Abercrombie Fitch† text on the woman’s bust area is a sign that the woman is modeling for the company’s clothes. In the fashion industry, manufacturing an image in advertisement seeks to persuade buyers to change their habits. Therefore, to reach to and persuade plus-sized women to accept Abercrombie Fitch clothes, the advert uses or ‘manufacturers’ a plus-sized woman who is a model of the targ eted population. This is in addition to dressing the woman in Abercrombie Fitch clothes that are seemingly attractive, liberating or ‘cool’ by societal standards to form an ideal plus-sized woman. More so, the ad creators focus on the target group insecurities to persuade them to purchase clothes. Ideally, the society does not consider plus-sized women as attractive. This makes them have low-self esteem and feel unattractive. The dress code of the woman in the ad exhibits an attractive person full of confidence. Markedly, although plus-sized, she is not afraid to wear clothes that show off her body, including her thighs and arms. In addition, her non-verbal codes show confidence. She is resting comfortably on the ground with her chin up. This makes plus-sized women believe that with Abercrombie Fitch clothes, they can deal with their weaknesses, feel attractive and confident. Convincingly, with the phrase â€Å"attractive Fat† written in white color to symboli ze a new beginning, Abercrombie Fitch is making a statement that their clothes will change the plus-sized women’s lives by helping them deal with their weaknesses.Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hidden Message Critics argue that adverts create false expectations and so is the revelation of the hidden meaning of this advert. Although the advert seems to inform or insinuate to the plus-sized women that Abercrombie Fitch clothes will help them deal with their weaknesses, the hidden meaning reveals otherwise. The hidden meaning is that the clothes that Abercrombie Fitch Company is selling cannot make plus-sized women become confident, attractive or improve on their self-esteem. This is because these three traits come through being intelligent, practical and mature enough to discern societal expectations. In simple terms, the three traits are nurtured from within by controlling external influences and knowing what one stands for. This ensures that a person, whether plus-sized or not is confident and has a high self-esteem. These two traits make a person feel attractive. The hidden message is derived from the color code, particularly the permissive grey color. In the western world and most societies, grey symbolizes intelligence. Being emotionless and motionless, grey is stable and solid with a sense of composure and calm that offers relief from the chaotic world. Grey is conservative and elegant, but not glamorous. Grey is practical, a color of responsibility and maturity due to its association with grey hair in old age. It never seeks attention, but stays toned down and safe. The extensive use of the grey color even on the woman’s skin creates an association between the color and the message that the ad passes across. This makes it easy to connect the symbolic meaning of the color to the actual message to reveal the hidden meaning of th e advert. Therefore, being intelligent, practical and staying toned down or controlling external influences helps plus-sized women to nurture a high self-esteem and confidence from within, not the Abercrombie Fitch clothes. Conclusion: Social and cultural relevance The connection between the obvious and hidden meaning and the ad is derived from the advertisement’s social and cultural relevance. The advert creators are torn between persuading the target audience to attain advertisement effects and informing them as expected by the societal culture. The society knows that advertisements evoke false expectations and creates unrealistic role models. Therefore, there is a belief that advertisements should seek to inform. To avoid compromising on the effect of the advertisement, the designers inform the target audience in a subtle or hidden way. This becomes a defense mechanism against societal expectations in case people start criticizing the advert. The advert presents a liberal western and plus-sized woman with the probable benefits derived from Abercrombie Fitch clothes. In addition, as the societal culture expects, it uses the grey color to inform that the attributes they seek are nurtured from within, not by the clothes they wear.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising in Abercrombie Fitch specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Appendix 1

Joan of Arc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Joan of Arc - Essay Example It is in north eastern part of France. Joan of Arc went through several challenges at a young age. The major turning point in the life of Joan of Arc was being sworn in a prestigious army. During the year 1400, the Dauphin army men were regarded as respected and esteemed individuals within the society. Some of the beneficial factors of Joan of Arc, which sparked after joining army, were informative visions and growing military ideas. The real name of Joan of Arc was Jehanne Romee. Joan of Arc did not get the real name because being unsure of taking surname of mother and father. The voices of catholic saints have exposed Joan of Arc to be much stronger at a premature age. The opinion of the lady was swift aside after arrival at Vaucoluleurs. Joan was send back home. But courage and persistence allowed Joan to join Dauphin army at an early age. Joan predicted the location of sword and took army to Sainte-Catherine (Cunningham, 2002). The fortress of Saint Loup was captured on May 4. The French army was led by Joan of Arc. This astonishing capture of fortress revealed the mental strength and willpower of Joan. She was only 16 years of age during that point of time. After capturing first fortress, Joan of Arc marched to Saint Jean Le Blanc Fort. After arriving to the next city, Joan of Arc found out that all gates are barred and it is impossible task to get inside the city. But Joan and her entire army entered in to Orleans. The unthinkable task was made possible by Joan of Arc’s leadership process. Joan did not want to change their War strategy by ignoring the doors that were locked and barred. Joan was effective in the mission and entered in the direction, which was planned. Plans were supposed to be changed after looking at barred gates. But mental strength and hunger for success defines the heroicness of Joan. The withdrawal of English was more accelerated by capturing other two forts in Orleans. Joan m et Charles after

Analysis of three directors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Analysis of three directors - Essay Example Their work represents a gradual development of storytelling, starting with the deliberately shocking cut scenes of Rohmer’s new wave, which refuses to construct neat plot development from scene to scene, and moving on to a complex interplay of images in Antonioni and finally leading to a new kind of realism with Kieslowski. It would be wrong to see a direct linear relationship between these three directors, but each of them in their own way absorbed developments from the past in their own particular development of cinema. Eric Rohmer’s set of six films known as his Contes Moraux (Moral Tales), based on a set of short stories grouped together into novel form, mark a distinct point in the history of the cinema because they begin to assert a particular approach which is designed and delivered purely with cinema in mind. It departs from earlier theatrical types of presentation, in which directors used techniques borrowed from the stage, and from the literary tradition, based on the narrative and characterization techniques of novels, which aimed to turn famous literature into films. Theatre is a relatively artificial and static art form, bound by artificial unities of time and place, while film has the potential to explore more natural rhythms of real life. Techniques such as voice-overs to give underpin and fill out action were already well developed in film, but Rohmer used juxtaposition of different characters, for example the rather odd relationship between Adrien, Haydee and Daniel in la Coll ectionneuse, along with ironic commentary by the lead character to explore how the voiceover can introduce tension and irony into the film. Rohmer ventures into a mature and truly cinematic treatment of major moral issues through the lives of very ordinary middle class men and women. James Monaco notes that the first two films in the series, La Boulangà ¨re de Monceau and La Carrià ¨re de Suzanne are shorter, of poorer technical quality than the